Why do we say "Manners make the man / Manners maketh man"?

Meaning:

Today this expression broadly means that your mannerisms and characteristics make you who you are, that is to say people are judged by their manners and conduct. But in its earliest use, as manners maketh man, it likely had a broader meaning--that manners make us human - that politeness and etiquette are what prevent us from falling into savagery.

Background:

The Random House Dictionary of America's Popular Proverbs and Sayings traces manners maketh man to the middle of the 14th century but without citing a specific reference. The earliest reference BookBrowse could find was in the work of William Horman who was headmaster of Eton and then Winchester in the late 15th century. Winchester College still retains "manners makyth man" as its motto, as does New College, Oxford, both of which were founded by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, in the 14th century.

The Vulgaria, a Latin textbook published in 1519, is considered the most important of Horman's surviving works. It is a collection of English phrases with their Latin translations with a strong leaning towards topics such as manners, religion and natural history. Vulgar is Latin for "common" or "pertaining to the common/ordinary people." Thus vulgaria essentially translates as "common things" or "everyday sayings", as such it's safe to assume that most if not all of the expressions in the book were in common use at the time.

In addition to being an early record of the expression "manners maketh man", Horman's Vulgaria contains the earliest known reference to "necessity is the mother of invention," (mater artium necessitas).

Alphabetical list of expressions

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