In Eclipse Richard North Patterson cranks up the
heat, as it were, on an already hot-button issue: the world's shameful and quite
literally fatal attraction to fossil fuels. Thanks to Al Gore and his ilk we are
all aware of the damaging toll petroleum use takes on our planet's natural
environment. However, Patterson points out a fatal attraction in which the
bunny-in-the-stewpot is much more immediate it is the murder of tens (even
hundreds) of thousands of innocent men, women and children who have nothing more
to do with oil than to live where it can be harvested. They may or may not stand
in the way between world class avarice and its true love (oil). They may or may
not even pose a threat. No matter - they are expendable. Their lives, and
whether they live or die, don't mean a jot in the corporate and geopolitical
worlds where oil is more sexy than sex; worlds where the hunger for oil eclipses
all else.
Indeed, it is this callous sometimes calculating, sometimes unintentional
disregard for the lives of the common people of this fictional African state of
Luandia by nearly everyone portrayed here that leaves a nasty aftertaste that
outlives Patterson's narrative. The layers of greed, self-service and corruption
become oppressive. Sure, everyone is familiar with the ubiquitous demon American
oil company whose stated goal is to make as much money as feasibly possible. If
there is any doubt, check out a May 3, 2006 Matt Lauer
Today Show interview with Exxon-Mobil CEO Rex Tillerson in which that
top exec admits same in so many words (a report on the interview can be found here). Add to that the local despotic leader, in
this case Luandia's General Savior Karama, who seizes the opportunity to exploit
not just his country and its people, but his own iron fisted hold on power. Then
there are the local, lower level renegades who pirate crude oil for personal
gain. In the meantime farmland and rivers are despoiled to the point where they
become unusable and people starve for lack of a sustainable local economy.
The starving is bad enough but it is the peril in which so-called environmental
activist Bobby Okari puts his people that seems most selfish. When he calls for
a protest during a solar eclipse in order to prove a point to his arch-enemy
Karama it is impossible to believe that he doesn't grasp the danger. He is not a
naïve newcomer to social activism. He is not or should not be a dewy eyed
freshman, inexperienced in the culture of violence that has plagued Karama's
regime. Yet he disregards the real and present danger and risks not just his own
life but those of his entire village, including his wife and father. When the
risk deteriorates into a bloodbath he seems to feel little remorse.
It is interesting to note that by his more detailed portrayals of Damon Pierce,
Marissa, Karama and mass murderer/rapist Paul Okimbo it is apparent where
Patterson stands. Clear cut good guys and bad guys are de rigueur
in any thriller. But Okari is painted with a broad brush. As much as
possible his personality and motivations are closeted, leaving the reader to
determine sainthood versus venality. It makes Okari a much more interesting
character and adds depth to a plot that could dumb down to patent
black-and-white simplicity.
Simplicity is something to which Patterson never succumbs, even though at times
it might feel a blessing. But in the cosmos of Eclipse there are almost
more strata of complex desire, motivation and intention than it is possible to
track. And each desire, motivation and intention eclipses something else until
no character is able to see things plainly. It is what sets a Richard North
Patterson thriller apart from its competitors on bookstore shelves and keeps him
hitting the New York Times bestseller list.
This review is from the February 19, 2009 issue of BookBrowse Recommends. Click here to go to this issue.
In his acknowledgments, Richard North Patterson confirms that Eclipse is
loosely based on the life and death of Nigerian writer and activist Ken Saro-Wiwa in 1995.
Ken Saro-Wiwa (1941-1995) was born Kenule Benson Tsaro-Wiwa in Bori, Rivers
State (a coastal state in the south of Nigeria,
map).
He was the son of Jim Beesom Wiwa, a businessman and community chief of the
Ogoni people,
an ethnic minority whose homelands have been targeted for oil extraction since
the 1950s. The Ogoni are one of the many indigenous people of the Niger Delta region. Their 404-square-mile homeland, known as Ogoniland, is
located in Rivers State on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea and is home to about
half a million people,
At the age of thirteen, he won a scholarship to Government College in
Umuahia in the South-East of Nigeria, where he was a model pupil who enjoyed the
English way of life (Nigeria was a British colony until 1960). After
graduating from the University of Ibadan, he taught at various colleges and
universities. During the Nigerian civil war (also known as the Nigerian-Biafran
War, more about this in the sidebar to
Half of a Yellow Sun) he chose the Nigerian side and was the
administrator for an oil depot. After the war, he served in the Rivers State
Cabinet as a regional commissioner for education but was dismissed in 1973
because of his opinions on autonomy for the Ogoni.
Through his writings, which started with student articles and developed into a
wealth of fiction and nonfiction writings, Saro-Wiwa became increasingly
involved in activities which brought national and international attention to the
plight of the Ogoni.
His first novel, Sozaboy: A Novel in Rotten English, was published in
1985. This antiwar work, which translates as 'soldier boy' is written in
'pidgin' English ("rotten English") - an English-based dialect spoken by many
Nigerians. Further novels and short stories followed, as did an extremely
popular TV series for young people about a character named Basi. Saro-Wiwa
wrote and produced more than 150 episodes of Basi & Company until the
military dictatorship banned it in 1992.
At the height of his career in the 1980s, he wrote and published seven books in
one year but his success as a writer was shadowed by a family tragedy when one
of his sons dropped dead while playing rugby at the English boarding school,
Eton. Saro-Wiwa sent five of his children to private schools in England,
hoping that they would all return to Nigeria and contribute to the development
of the country.
In 1990 he founded the non-violent Movement
for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP). It is said, but not proven, that he also
founded a more radical youth movement whose role was to sabotage the Shell oil
company. Following Saro-Wiwa's 1992 book that criticized corruption and
condemned Shell and British Petroleum, the Nigerian government decided to break
MOSOP and Saro-Wiwa was arrested.
In a letter written in prison, and published in May 1995 in the British
newspapers The Mail and the Guardian, Saro-Wiwa states,
"Ultimately the fault lies at the door of the British government. It is the
British government which supplies arms and credit to the military dictators of
Nigeria, knowing full well that all such arms will only be used against
innocent, unarmed citizens." In the summary to another letter he writes, "The
most important thing for me is that I've used my talents as a writer to enable
the Ogoni people to confront their tormentors. I was not able to do it as a
politician or a businessman. My writing did it. And it sure makes me feel good!
I'm mentally prepared for the worst, but hopeful for the best. I think I have
the moral victory."
Despite considerable efforts at intervention by a number of international groups
including Greenpeace, Saro-Wiwa and eight Ogoni leaders were executed in 1995
following a show trial.
This review is from the February 19, 2009 issue of BookBrowse Recommends. Click here to go to this issue.
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